List of Lojban Root Words - le gi'u ste

bacru [ ba'u ] utter: x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2
[also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)]; (cf. krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, voksa, pinka)
badna [ ] banana: x1 is a banana/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2
(cf. grute)
badri [ dri ] sad: x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction)
(cf. klaku, gleki, betri, cinmo, junri)
bajra [ baj ] run: x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4
(cf. cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, plipe, cpare)
bakfu [ baf ] bundle ; 'pack': x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3
(cf. daski, dakli, tanxe)
bakni [ bak ] bovine ; 'ox': x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2
(cf. danlu)
bakri [ ] chalk: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of chalk from source x2 in form x3
(cf. pinsi, blabi, jilka)
baktu [ ] bucket: x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3
(cf. botpi, patxu, tansi, lante, lanka)
balji [ ] bulb ; 'bulge': x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy]
(cf. punli, batke)
balni [ ] balcony: x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2
(cf. kajna)
balre [ ba'e ] blade: x1 is a blade of tool/weapon x2
(cf. dakfu, tunta, tutci, guska, kinli, katna)
balvi [ bav ] future ; 'later': x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former
[also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfa balvi)]; (cf. lidne, cabna, purci, farna)
bancu [ bac ] beyond: x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni)
[on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space]; (cf. dukse, ragve, zmadu, kuspe)
bandu [ bad ] defend: x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event)
[also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= bad gai)]; (cf. ckape, fanta, fapro, marbi, rivbi, zunti, snura, binra, lunbe, pulji)
banfi [ ] amphibian: x1 is an amphibian of species/breed x2
(cf. danlu, respa)
bangu [ ban bau ] language: x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote)
[also tongue]; (cf. tance, cusku, ve tavla, valsi, gerna, jufra, natmi, slaka)
banli [ bal ba'i ] great ; 'grand': x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3
[indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)]; (cf. barda, nobli, se sinma, pluja, misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, se manci)
banro [ ba'o ] grow: x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3
[also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases]; (cf. farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, makcu, ferti)
banxa [ bax ] bank: x1 is a bank owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event)
(cf. sorcu, zarci, canja, kagni)
banzu [ baz ] suffice: x1 (object) suffices/is enough/sufficient for purpose x2 under conditions x3
(cf. dukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, curmi)
bapli [ bap bai ] force ; 'compel': x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest
[also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)]; (cf. fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, rinka, krinu, zukte, randa, danre, cmavo list bai, marxa, tinsa, xarnu)
barda [ bra ] big ; 'large': x1 is big/large in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3
(cf. banli, clani, ganra, condi, plana, cmalu, rotsu, banro, xanto)
bargu [ bag ] arch: x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3
[also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume]; (cf. cripu, kruvi, korcu, condi)
barja [ ] bar: x1 is a tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3
(cf. gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, vanju, xotli, ckafi, se pinxe)
barna [ ba'a ] mark: x1(s) is a/are mark(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3
[ba'armo'a for a pattern of marks]; (cf. sinxa, pixra, se ciska, se prina)
bartu [ bar ] out: x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2
(cf. jibni, nenri, sruri, lamji, korbi, calku, vasru)
basna [ ] emphasize ; 'accent': x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3
[also: say forcefully] (cf. , pandi)
basti [ bas ] replace ; 'substitute': x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute
[also: x1 trades places with x2]; (cf. cmavo list ba'i, binra)
batci [ bat ] bite: x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4
[bite through (= bat ka'a, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)]; (cf. denci, jgalu, guska, citka)
batke [ ] button: x1 is a button/knob/[handle] on/for item x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4
(cf. jadni, balji, punji, jgari, lasna)
bavmi [ ] barley: x1 is a quantity of barley [grain] of species/strain x2
(cf. gurni)
baxso [ ] Malay-Indonesian ; 'Bahasa': x1 reflects Malay-Indonesian common language/culture in aspect x2
(cf. meljo, bindo)
bebna [ beb ] foolish ; 'boob': x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob
(cf. fenki, xajmi, prije, fliba)
bemro [ bem be'o ] North American: x1 reflects North American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2
(cf. merko, kadno, xispo, mexno)
bende [ bed be'e ] crew ; 'band': x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4
(x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= caj be'e, ven be'e)]; (cf. gunma, girzu, dansu, jatna, jitro, kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva)
bengo [ beg ] Bengali: x1 reflects Bengali/Bangladesh culture/nationality/language in aspect x2
(cf. xindo)
benji [ bej be'i ] transfer ; 'send': x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5
[also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier]; (cf. muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, xruti, cradi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be'i, bevri, mrilu, tcana)
bersa [ bes be'a ] son: x1 is a son of mother/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological]
[also filial]; (cf. verba, nanla, nakni, nanmu, patfu, mamta, bruna, rirni, rorci, panzi, tixnu)
berti [ ber ] north: x1 is to the north/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of reference x
(cf. snanu, stici, stuna, farna)
besna [ ben ] brain: x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control]
[also cerebral]; (cf. menli, stedu, rango, pensi)
betfu [ bef be'u ] abdomen ; 'belly': x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection]
[also stomach (= runtyrango), digestive tract (= bef cti rango)]; (cf. cutne, livga, canti)
betri [ bet ] tragedy ; 'tragic': x1 is a tragedy/disaster/tragic for x2
(cf. badri, xlali, morsi, binra)
bevri [ bev bei ] carry ; 'bear': x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter]
[alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]; (cf. marce, muvdu, benji, klama)
bi [ biv ] 8: digit/number: 8 (digit)
bi'i [ biz ] unordered interval: non-logical interval connective: unordered between ... and ... (rafsi represents any interval)
bidju [ ] bead: x1 is a bead/pebble [shape/form] of material x2
(cf. bolci, canre, lakse, dirgo)
bifce [ bic ] bee: x1 is a bee/wasp/hornet of species/breed x2
(cf. cinki, sfani, lakse)
bikla [ bik ] whip ; 'beat, lash': x1 whips/lashes/snaps [a sudden violent motion]
(cf. skori, darxi)
bilga [ big ] obliged: x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2
[also x3 frame of reference]; (cf. zifre, fuzme)
bilma [ bi'a ] ill: x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3
(cf. kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra)
bilni [ bil ] military: x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3
[also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bil pre)]; (cf. jenmi for a military force, sonci, ganzu, pulji)
bindo [ bid ] Indonesian: x1 reflects Indonesian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2
(cf. bindo, meljo, baxso)
binra [ ] insure: x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event)
[also x3 loss; sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)]; (cf. bandu, cirko, betri, basti, bilma)
binxo [ bix bi'o ] become: x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3
[resultative, not-necessarily agentive, change]; (cf. cenba for non-resultative, galfi for agentive, stika for non-resultative, non-agentive change; zasni)
birje [ ] beer: x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2
(cf. pinxe, barja, jikru, vanju, xalka, fusra)
birka [ bir ] arm: x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength]
[also elbow (= bir cidni), wrist (= xan ter jo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)]; (cf. jimca, janco, xance, rebla)
birti [ bit ] certain: x1 is certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true
(cf. jetnu, jinvi, krici, djuno, senpi, sruma)
bisli [ bis ] ice: x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains ice [frozen crystal] of composition/material x2
[composition including x2, which need not be a complete composition]; (cf. kunra, runme, lenku, krili, bratu, snime, carvi)
bitmu [ bim bi'u ] wall: x1 is a wall/fence separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4
(cf. jbini, sepli, fendi, canko, drudi, kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, pagre, gacri, kuspe, marbi, vorme)
blabi [ lab ] white: x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective]
[pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xun blabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)]; (cf. skari, xekri, grusi, kandi, manku, carmi, bakri, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)
blaci [ ] glass: x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains glass of composition including x2
(cf. kabri)
blanu [ bla ] blue: x1 is blue [color adjective]
(cf. skari, blabi, xekri, zirpu, kandi, carmi, cicna)
bliku [ bli ] block: x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3
[x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, bli kubli), brick (= kitybli); (cf. tapla, kubli, tanbo, canlu, kojna, sefta, bolci, kurfa, tarmi)
bloti [ lot blo lo'i ] boat: x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3
(cf. falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu)
bo [ bor ] short scope link: short scope joiner; joins various constructs with shortest scope and right grouping
bolci [ bol boi ] ball: x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2
[also round]; (cf. bliku, cukla, bidju, gunro)
bongu [ bog bo'u ] bone: x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium]
[x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le [body-part]); cartilage/gristle (= ran bo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)]; (cf. greku, denci, jirna, sarji)
botpi [ bot bo'i ] bottle: x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4
(cf. baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, tanxe, vasru, gacri)
boxfo [ bof bo'o ] sheet ; 'foil': x1 is a sheet/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2
(cf. plita, cinje, polje, slasi, tinci)
boxna [ bon bo'a ] wave: x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, frequency x5
(cf. slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, morna, canre)
bradi [ ] enemy ; 'adversary': x1 is an enemy/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3
(cf. damba, jamna, darlu, pendo, fapro, gunta, sarji, jivna, jinga)
bratu [ ] hail: x1 is hail/sleet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2
[this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi]; (cf. carvi, snime, bisli, tcima)
brazo [ raz ] Brazilian: x1 reflects Brazilian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2
(cf. porto, ketco)
bredi [ red bre ] ready: x1 is ready/prepared for x2 (event)
(cf. spaji, jukpa)
bridi [ bri ] predicate: x1 (text) is a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3
[also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= ter bri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified); (cf. sumti, fancu)
brife [ bif bi'e ] breeze: x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2
(cf. tcima)
briju [ bij ] office ; 'bureau': x1 is an office/bureau/work-place of worker x2 at location x3
(cf. jibri, gunka)
brito [ rit ] British: x1 reflects British/United Kingdom culture/nationality in aspect x2
(cf. glico, skoto, merko, ropno)
broda [ rod ] predicate var 1: x1 is the 1st assignable variable predicate
(cf. cmavo list bu'a)
brode [ bo'e ] predicate var 2: x1 is the 2nd assignable variable predicate
(cf. )
brodi [ ] predicate var 3: x1 is the 3rd assignable variable predicate
(cf. )
brodo [ ] predicate var 4: x1 is the 4th assignable variable predicate
(cf. )
brodu [ ] predicate var 5: x1 is the 5th assignable variable predicate
(cf. )
bruna [ bun bu'a ] brother: x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necess. biological]
(cf. mensi, tunba, tamne, famti, bersa)
bu [ bus bu'i ] word to lerfu: convert any single word to BY
(cf. cmavo list sel ma'o BY)
bu'a [ bul ] some sel bri 1: logically quantified predicate variable: some sel bri 1
(cf. broda, etc.)
budjo [ buj bu'o ] Buddhist: x1 pertains to the Buddhist culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2
(cf. latna, lijda)
bukpu [ buk bu'u ] cloth: x1 is an amount of cloth/fabric of type/material x2
(cf. mapni, matli, sunla, slasi, silka)
bumru [ bum ] fog: x1 is foggy/misty/covered by a fog/mist/vapor of liquid x2
(cf. djacu, carvi, danmo, lunsa, tcima, gapci)
bunda [ bud ] pound: x1 is x2 (def. 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4
(additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. grake, junta, tilju, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, kramu)
bunre [ bur bu'e ] brown: x1 is brown/tan [color adjective]
(cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)
burcu [ bru ] brush: x1 is a brush for purpose x2 (event) with bristles x3
(cf. komcu, pinsi)
burna [ ] embarrassed: x1 is embarrassed/disconcerted/flustered/ill-at-ease about/under conditions x2 (abstraction)
(cf. cinmo)
ca'a [ caz ] actually is: modal aspect: actuality/ongoing event
(cf. cabna, cmavo list ca)
cabna [ cab ] now: x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time
[time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] (cf. zvati, balvi, purci, cmavo list ca, cmavo list ca'a)
cabra [ ca'a ] apparatus: x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent)
[form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)]; (cf. tutci, minji, finti; girzu, ganzu for organizational apparatus, pilno)
cacra [ ] hour: x1 is x2 hours in duration (default is 1 hour) by standard x3
(cf. junla, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)
cadzu [ dzu ] walk: x1 walks/strides/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3
(cf. stapa, bajra, klama, litru)
cafne [ caf ] often: x1 (event) often/frequently/commonly/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2
(cf. rirci, fadni, kampu, rapli, krefu, lakne, cmavo list piso'iroi and similar compounds)
cakla [ ] chocolate: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of chocolate/cocoa
(cf. ckafi)
calku [ cak ] shell: x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3
(cf. pilka, skapi, gacri, bartu)
canci [ ] vanish: x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3
[also leaves, goes away (one sense)]; (cf. cliva, ganse, zgana, lebna, vimcu)
cando [ cad ] idle: x1 is idle/at rest/inactive
["in motion", not implying a change in location, is negation of this]; (cf. surla)
cange [ cag ] farm ; 'grange, agrarian': x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian
[also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops]; (cf. purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, xarju)
canja [ caj ] exchange: x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessma
[also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kam canja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics); (cf. dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, jdini, pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, banxa, cirko, dunda, janta, kargu, prali, sfasa, zivle)
canko [ ca'o ] window: x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2
(cf. vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, pagre, kevna, jvinu, kalri, kuspe)
canlu [ cal ca'u ] space ; 'volume': x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2
[also occupy (= sel ca'u)] (cf. kensa, bliku, kumfa, kevna, kunti, tubnu, dekpu)
canpa [ cna ] shovel: x1 is a shovel/spade [bladed digging implement] for digging x2
(cf. kakpa, guska, tutci)
canre [ can ] sand: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sand/grit from source x2 of composition including x3
[also abrasive (= guk canre)]; (cf. bidju, rokci, zalvi, boxna)
canti [ ] gut ; 'entrails': x1 is a/the gut(s)/entrails/intestines/viscera/innards/digestive system [body-part] of x2
[metaphor: process hub]; (cf. betfu)
carce [ ] cart: x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3
(cf. karce, xislu, marce, matra)
carmi [ cam cai ] intense: x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x
[also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or cam gu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)]; (cf. denmi, gusni, kandi, ruble, skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)
carna [ car ] turn: x1 turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3
[also revolve (= jin carna)]; (cf. gunro, jendu)
cartu [ cat ] chart: x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3
(cf. platu)
carvi [ cav ] rain: x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain']
(cf. bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, tcima, bisli, bumru)
casnu [ snu ] discuss: x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x
[also chat, converse]; (cf. bacru, cusku, darlu, tavla)
catke [ ca'e ] shove: x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3
[move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermu'u)]; (cf. danre for non-agentive force, lacpu)
catlu [ cta ] look: x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2
[also look through (= gre cta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"]; (cf. jvinu, minra, simlu, viska, lanli, zgana, setca, viska)
catni [ ca'i ] authority: x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3
(cf. turni, tutra, krati, cmavo list ca'i, jaspu, pulji)
catra [ ] kill ; 'slaughter': x1 (agent) kills/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method x3
(cf. morsi, xarci)
caxno [ cax ] shallow: x1 is shallow in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4
(cf. condi, tordu, jarki, cinla, cmalu, jarki, jmifa)
ce [ cec ] in a set with: non-logical connective: set link, unordered; "and also", but forming a set
(cf. cmima, cmavo list ce'o)
ce'i [ cez ] percent: digit/number: % percentage symbol, hundredths
(cf. saclu, centi, parbi, frinu)
ce'o [ ce'o ] in a sequence with: non-logical connective: ordered sequence link; "and then", forming a sequence
(cf. porsi, cmavo list ce)
cecla [ cel ce'a ] launcher: x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion]
[also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)]; (cf. renro, danti, jakne, jbama, spoja)
cecmu [ cem ce'u ] community: x1 is a community/colony of organisms x2
(cf. bende, kulnu, natmi, tcadu, jecta, girzu)
cedra [ ] era: x1 is an era/epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea)
(x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a); (cf. ranji, temci, citsi)
cenba [ cne ] vary: x1 varies/changes in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 under conditions x4
[non-resultative, not-necessarily agentive change]; (cf. cenba which is non-resultative, galfi which is resultative and agentive, stika which is non-resultative and agentive; stodi, zasni, binxo)
censa [ ces ] holy ; 'sacred': x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2
(cf. cevni, krici, latna, pruxi, lijda, sinma)
centi [ cen ] .01 ; metric 'centi': x1 is a hundredth [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)
(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
cerda [ ced ] heir: x1 is an heir to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4
[pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-raising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - the ownership of the object (= po'ercerda, po'ersel cerda for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jgina)
cerni [ cer ] morning: x1 is a morning [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at location x3
[this morning (= cab dei cerni); tomorrow morning (= bav lam cerni); yesterday morning (= pru lam cerni, pru lam dei cerni)](cf. vanci, murse, tcika)
certu [ cre ] expert: x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3
[also competent, skilled]; (cf. djuno, stati, kakne)
cevni [ cev cei ] god ; 'divinity': x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine
[also divinity]; (cf. censa, krici, lijda, malsi)
cfari [ cfa ] initiate: x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb)
(cf. sisti, krasi, fanmo)
cfika [ fik fi'a ] fiction: x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3
[also story, lie, untrue]; (cf. cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, jitfa, jetnu, xanri)
cfila [ cfi ] flaw: x1 (property - ka) is a flaw/fault/defect in x2 causing x3
(cf. cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane)
cfine [ ] wedge: x1 is a wedge [shape/form/tool] of material x2
(cf. tutci)
cfipu [ fi'u ] confusing: x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka)
(cf. pluja, cfipu, zunti)
ci [ cib ] 3: digit/number: 3 (digit)
ciblu [ blu ] blood: x1 is blood/vital fluid of organism x2
(cf. risna, flecu)
cicna [ ] cyan: x1 is cyan/turquoise/greenish-blue [color adjective]
(cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, crino, blanu)
cidja [ dja ] food ; 'feed': x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2
(cf. citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina)
cidni [ cid ] knee: x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3
[metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] (cf. )
cidro [ dro ] hydrogen: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of hydrogen (H); [metaphor: light, flammable]
(cf. gapci, xukmi)
cifnu [ cif ] infant: x1 is an infant/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2
[also infantile]; (cf. makcu, verba)
cigla [ cig ] gland: x1 is a/the gland [body-part] secreting x2, of body x3; x2 is a secretion of x1
[secretion (= sel cigla)]; (cf. vikmi, xasne)
cikna [ cik ] awake: (adjective:) x1 is awake/alert/conscious
(cf. sanji, sipna, tatpi)
cikre [ ] repair ; 'fix': x1 repairs/mends/fixes x2 for use x3
[a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3]; (cf. cfila, spofu)
ciksi [ cki ] explain: x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u)
[explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= vel cki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause]; (cf. cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, mukti, nabmi, preti, rinka, sidbo, zukte, tavla)
cilce [ cic ] wild: (adjective:) x1 is wild/untamed
[tame (= tol cilce)]; (cf. pinfu, panpi, tarti)
cilmo [ cim ] moist: x1 is moist/wet/damp with liquid x2
(cf. litki, lunsa, sudga)
cilre [ cli ] learn: x1 learns x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (obj./event) by method x5 (event/process)
(cf. ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule)
cilta [ cil ] thread ; 'filament': x1 is a thread/filament/wire [shape/form] of material x2
(cf. fenso, nivji, skori, silka)
cimde [ ] dimension: x1 (property - ka) is a dimension of space/object x2 according to rules/model x3
(cf. morna, ckilu, merli, manri)
cimni [ ] infinite: x1 is infinite/unending/eternal in property/dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity)/of type x3
[also everlasting, eternal (= cimnytei)] (cf. , vitno)
cinba [ ] kiss ; 'buss': x1 (agent) kisses/busses x2 at locus x3
(cf. ctebi)
cindu [ ] oak: x1 is an oak, a type of tree of species/strain x2
(cf. tricu)
cinfo [ ] lion: x1 is a lion/[lioness] of species/breed x2
(cf. mlatu)
cinje [ cij ] wrinkle: x1 is a wrinkle/crease/fold [shape/form] in x2
(cf. korcu, polje, boxfo, boxna)
cinki [ ] insect: x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [bug/beetle]
(cf. civla, danlu, jalra, jukni, manti, sfani, toldi, bifce)
cinla [ ] thin ; 'lean': x1 is thin in direction/dimension x2 by standard x3; [relatively short in smallest dimension]
(cf. rotsu, jarki, tordu, cmalu, caxno, plana, jarki)
cinmo [ cni ] emotion: x1 feels emotion x2 (ka) about x3
[also mood/humor (= nun cni)]; (cf. cmavo list ci'o, cumla, jilra, nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, manci, prami, steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki)
cinri [ ci'i ] interesting ; 'interests': x1 (abstraction) interests/is interesting to x2; x2 is interested in x1
[use x1 tu'a for non-specific interest in an object; interested in (= sel ci'i)]; (cf. zdile, kucli, manci, kurji)
cinse [ cin ] sexual: x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4
[also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cin fri)]; (cf. gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi)
cinta [ ] paint: x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3
(cf. pixra, skari)
cinza [ ] tongs: x1 is a/are tong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3
(cf. tutci)
cipni [ cpi ] bird: x1 is a bird/avian/fowl of species x2
(cf. datka, gunse, jipci, nalci, pimlu, vofli, xruki, danlu)
cipra [ cip ] test ; 'proof': x1 (process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individ./set/mass)
[also examination, proxy measure, validation; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)]; (cf. ciksi, troci, jarco, pajni, saske)
cirko [ cri ] lose: x1 loses person/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3
[x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'e cri, po'ersel cri for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, jinga, pleji, canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri)
cirla [ ] cheese: x1 is a quantity of/contains cheese/curd from source x2
(cf. ladru)
ciska [ ci'a ] write ; 'scribe': x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe
[also x3 writing surface]; (cf. papri, penbi, pinsi, tcidu, xatra, pixra, prina, finti for 'author' or specific authorial works, barna, pinka)
cisma [ ] smile: x1 smiles/grins (facial expression)
[smile/grin at something (= cismyfra)]; (cf. xajmi, cmila, frumu)
ciste [ ci'e ] system: x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (ka)
[x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] (cf. cmavo list ci'e, cmima, girzu, gunma, stura, tadji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, julne, klesi, morna, tcana)
citka [ cti ] eat: x1 eats/ingests/consumes (transitive verb) x2
(cf. cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, batci, gusta, kabri)
citno [ cit ci'o ] young ; 'junior': x1 is young/youthful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2
[also age (= nil nal ci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior]; (cf. cnino, slabu, verba, slabu)
citri [ cir ] history: x1 is a history of x2 according to x3 (person)/from point-of-view x3
[also historic/historical (= cir sel mo'i)]; (cf. muzga)
citsi [ ] season: x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3
[also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mum non citsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: dje citsi, pav dei citsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year]; (cf. cedra, crisa, critu, dunra, ranji, temci, vensa, jbena)
civla [ civ ] louse: x1 is a louse/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3
(cf. cinki, jalra)
cizra [ ciz ] strange ; 'bizarre': x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka)
[also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic]; (cf. ranxi, rirci, fange, banli)
ckabu [ ] rubber: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of rubber/latex from source x2 of composition including x3
(cf. pruni)
ckafi [ kaf ] coffee: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2
[brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] (cf. tcati, brewed from a leaf, barja, cakla)
ckaji [ kai ] quality: x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x
[manifested/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (= sel kai)]; (cf. cmavo list kai, tcaci, tcini)
ckana [ cka ] bed: x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event)
(cf. kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, vreta, jubme, stizu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji)
ckape [ cap ] peril: x1 is perilous/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3
(cf. te bandu, te kajde, te marbi, se snura, se xalni)
ckasu [ cas ] ridicule ; 'scoff': x1 ridicules/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event)
(cf. , cmila)
ckeji [ kej cke ] ashamed: x1 feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3
(cf. cinmo)
ckiku [ kik ] key: x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3
[also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= ter mif ckiku, cki ter mifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth]; (cf. stela)
ckilu [ ci'u ] scale: x1 (si'o) is a scale of units for measuring/observing/determining x2 (state)
(cf. cmavo list ci'u, gradu, merli, cimde, manri)
ckini [ ki'i ] related ; 'akin, kin': x1 is related to/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3
(cf. cmavo list ki'i, ponse, srana, steci, mapti, sarxe, fange)
ckire [ kir ] grateful: x1 is grateful/thankful to/appreciative of x2 for x3 (event/property)
[also gratitude (= nun ckire or kam ckire)] (cf. )
ckule [ kul cu'e ] school: x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audien./commun. x4 operated by x
[also college, university]; (cf. cilre, ctuca, tadni)
ckunu [ ku'u ] conifer ; 'cone': x1 is a conifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3
(cf. tricu)
cladu [ lau ] loud: x1 is loud/noisy at observation point x2 by standard x3
(cf. savru)
clani [ cla ] long: x1 is long in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimens.) by meas. stand. x3
(cf. slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, tordu, barda, ganra, gutci, minli, rotsu)
claxu [ cau ] without ; 'lack': x1 is without/lacking/free of/lacks x2; x1 is x2-less
(cf. cmavo list cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, pindi, banzu)
clika [ ] mossy: x1 is a moss/lichen of species/strain x2 growing on x3
(cf. mledi)
clira [ lir ] early: x1 (event) is early by standard x2
(cf. lerci)
clite [ lit ] polite: x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3
[also formal, ritual]; (cf. ritli)
cliva [ liv li'a ] leave: x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3
[also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2]; (cf. litru. canci, vimcu, lebna, litru, muvdu)
clupa [ cup ] loop: x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material]
[also noose (= sko clupa, sal jge clupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cup tai)]; (cf. djine)
cmaci [ ] mathematics: x1 is a mathematics of type/describing x2
(cf. mekso)
cmalu [ cma ] small: x1 is small in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3
(cf. caxno, cinla, jarki, tordu, barda)
cmana [ ma'a ] mountain: x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land/mass x2
(cf. punli, derxi)
cmavo [ ma'o ] structure word: x1 is a structure word of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in language x4
[cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma'o ste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma'orpoi, ma'orsel cmi,ma'orsel ste)]; (cf. gismu, lujvo, gerna, smuni, valsi)
cmene [ cme me'e ] name: x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person)
[also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= sel me'e for reordered places)]; (cf. cmavo list me'e, gismu, tcita, valsi, judri)
cmila [ mi'a ] laugh ; 'smile': x1 laughs (emotional expression)
[x1 laughs at x2 (= mi'a fra)]; (cf. ckasu, frumu, xajmi, cisma)
cmima [ mim cmi ] member: x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2
[x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership]; (cf. ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, gunma, klesi, cmavo list mei, kampu, lanzu, liste)
cmoni [ cmo co'i ] moan: x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property)
[also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cac kle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] (cf. )
cnano [ na'o ] norm: x1 [value] is a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4
[also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)]; (cf. tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, tarti, rirci)
cnebo [ neb ne'o ] neck: x1 is a/the neck [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: a relatively narrow point]
(cf. galxe, cutne)
cnemu [ nem ne'u ] reward: x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4
[differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= mal ne'u, sfa ne'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= pos ne'u, po'ervel ne'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. dunda, friti, jerna, jinga, jivna, pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma)
cnici [ nic ] orderly ; 'neat': x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni)
(cf. cunso, kalsa)
cnino [ nin ni'o ] new: x1 is new/unfamiliar/novel to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a novelty
(cf. nuzba, slabu, citno, se djuno)
cnisa [ nis ] lead: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of lead (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, soft metal]
(cf. jinme, tinci)
cnita [ nit ni'a ] beneath: x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3
[also underside, nether]; (cf. dizlo, gapru, galtu, farna, loldi)
co [ col ] tanru inversion: tanru inversion operator; "... of type ..."; allows modifier trailing sumti without sumti links
co'a [ co'a ] initiative: interval event contour: at the starting point of ...; initiative >|< |
[beginning (= co'a(r)-)]; (cf. cfari, krasi, clira)
co'e [ com co'e ] unspecif bridi: elliptical/unspecified bridi relationship
co'u [ co'u ] cessative: interval event contour: at the ending point of ... even if not done; cessative | >< |
[ending (= co'u(r)-)]; (cf. sisti, fanmo)
cokcu [ cko ] soak up: x1 soaks up/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant
(cf. panje, sakci, lacpu)
condi [ con cno coi ] deep: x1 is deep in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4
(cf. clani, caxno, bargu, ganra, rotsu, barda, gutci, minli)
cortu [ cor cro ] pain ; 'hurt': x1 hurts/feels pain/hurt at locus x2
(cf. cinmo, xrani)
cpacu [ cpa ] get ; 'acquire': x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied]
[also fetch; accept a gift (= du'a cpa)]; (cf. punji, lebna, vimcu)
cpana [ ] upon: x1 is upon/atop/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3
(x1 may be object or event); (cf. se vasru, jbini, zvati, nenri, vreta, ckana, diklo, jibni, lamji, zutse, punji for lay upon, sarji, zbepi)
cpare [ par ] climb: x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools]
(cf. klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe)
cpedu [ cpe ] request: x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4
[also demand (= mi'e cpe)]; (cf. pikci, te preti, te frati, se spuda, danfu)
cpina [ ] pungent: x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy to sense x2
[also prickly (= pe'urcpina)]; (cf. vrusi, kukte, cidja, panci, sumne)
cradi [ ] radio: x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4
(cf. tivni, benji, tcana)
crane [ cra ] front: x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3
[also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] (cf. sefta, flira, trixe, mlana, pritu, zunle)
creka [ cek ] shirt: x1 is a shirt/blouse/top [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x
(cf. taxfu)
crepu [ rep ] harvest ; 'reap': x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3
(cf. critu, sombo, jmaji)
cribe [ rib ] bear: x1 is a bear/ursoid of species/breed x2
(cf. )
crida [ rid ] fairy: x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2
[also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman]; (cf. ranmi, especially for non-humanoid creatures of myth, lijda)
crino [ ri'o ] green: x1 is green/verdant [color adjective]
(cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, cicna)
cripu [ rip ] bridge: x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first]
(cf. bargu, kruca, ragve, kuspe)
crisa [ cis ] summer: x1 is summer/summertime [hot season] of year x2 at location x3
(cf. citsi, critu, dunra, vensa)
critu [ ] autumn: x1 is autumn/fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3
(cf. citsi, crisa, dunra, vensa, crepu)
ctaru [ ] tide: x1 is a tide [cyclical/periodical expansion] in x2 caused by x3
(cf. xamsi)
ctebi [ teb ] lip ; 'labial': x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial
(cf. moklu, korbi, cinba)
cteki [ tek ce'i ] tax: x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4
[also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] (cf. )
ctile [ ] petroleum ; 'oil': x1 is a quantity of petroleum/oil from source x2
(cf. grasu)
ctino [ ti'o ] shadow ; 'shade': x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by light/energy source x3
(cf. manku, gusni)
ctuca [ ctu ] teach: x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event)
[also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical]; (cf. ckule, cilre, tadni)
cukla [ cuk ] round ; 'circular': x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring
[normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring']; (cf. djine, ranji, bolci, tarmi)
cukta [ cku ] book: x1 is a book about subject/theme/story x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5
[this is a quantity of text, and not the physical object (= sel papri); x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, papri)
culno [ clu ] full: x1 is full/completely filled with x2
(cf. tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna)
cumki [ cum cu'i ] possible ; 'maybe': x1 (event/state/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a maybe
[also possibility]; (cf. lakne, cumki)
cumla [ cul ] humble ; 'humility': x1 is humble/modest about x2 (abstraction); x1 displays humility about x2
(cf. cinmo, jgira)
cunmi [ ] millet: x1 is a quantity of millet [grain] of species/strain x2
(cf. gurni)
cunso [ cun cu'o ] random ; 'chance': x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3
[also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cun cu'a, cun sel cu'a, cun jdi, cun sel jdi; based on "unpredictable")]; (cf. cnici, lakne, funca, kalsa, snuti)
cuntu [ cu'u ] affair: x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (ind./mass); x1 is x2's business
[also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= sel cu'u for reordered places)] (cf. )
cupra [ pra ] produce: x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3
(cf. zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa)
curmi [ cru ] let ; 'permit': x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2
[sufficient condition (= tcinycru)]; (cf. rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre)
curnu [ cur ] worm: x1 is a worm/invertebrate animal of species/breed x2
[also mollusk, snail (= cak curnu), shellfish (= xas kem cak curnu, xas kem cakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike]; (cf. since, silka)
curve [ cuv ] pure: x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka)
[x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2 (= cuvykai)]; (cf. prane, jinsa, manfo, sampu, sepli, traji, lumci, xukmi)
cusku [ cus sku ] express: x1 (agent) expresses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive medium x
[also says]; (cf. bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, cmavo list cu'u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka)
cutci [ cuc ] shoe: x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3
[also boot (= tup cutci)]; (cf. smoka, taxfu, skiji)
cutne [ cut ] chest: x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2
(cf. cnebo, betfu, xadni, tanxe)
cuxna [ cux cu'a ] choose: x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set)
[also prefer (= nel cu'a)]; (cf. jdice, pajni, nelci)
da [ dav dza ] something 1: logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 1 (usually restricted)
da'a [ daz ] all except: digit/number: all except n; all but n; (default 1)
dacru [ dac ] drawer: x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3
(cf. nilce, tanxe)
dacti [ dai ] object ; 'thing': x1 is a material object enduring in space-time; x1 is a thing
(cf. marji, xanri)
dadjo [ daj ] Taoist: x1 pertains to the Taoist culture/ethos/religion in aspect x2
(cf. lijda, jegvo)
dakfu [ dak ] knife: x1 is a knife (tool) for cutting x2, with blade of material x3
(cf. denci, balre, katna, tunta, forca, smuci, kinli)
dakli [ ] sack: x1 is a sack/bag with contents x2, and of material x3
(cf. daski for pouch, bakfu)
damba [ dab da'a ] fight ; 'combat': x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant
[use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective]; (cf. bradi, gunta, talsa, darlu, fapro, jamna, sonci)
damri [ ] drum: x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2
(cf. rilti, zgike)
dandu [ dad ] hang ; 'dangle, suspend': x1 hangs/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3
[pendant (= dad ja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] (cf. )
danfu [ daf ] answer: x1 is the answer/res ponse/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2
(cf. ciksi, frati, preti, nabmi, spuda for agentive res ponse/reply, cpedu)
danlu [ dal da'u ] animal: x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate
(cf. banfi, cinki, cipni, finpe, jukni, respa, since, mabru, bakni)
danmo [ dam ] smoke: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air pollution from source x2
[x2 may be a fire]; (cf. pulce, gapci, sigja, bumru)
danre [ da'e ] pressure: x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2
[agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)]; (cf. catke, bapli, prina, tinsa)
dansu [ ] dance: x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2
(cf. bende, zgike, zajba)
danti [ dan ] projectile: x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2
[also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)]; (cf. cecla, renro, jakne)
daplu [ plu ] island: x1 is an island/atoll/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is insular
(cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, dirgo)
dapma [ dap ] curse ; 'damn': x1 curses/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3
[curse with a specific expression (= dap sku)]; (cf. mabla, dimna, cnemu, sfasa, dunda, cusku, cirko, jdima)
dargu [ dag ] road: x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered)
[a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling]; (cf. naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji)
darlu [ dau ] argue: x1 argues for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary]
(cf. fapro, jamna, sarji, talsa, sumti, tugni, casnu, damba, bradi, tavla)
darno [ dar da'o ] far: x1 is far/distant from x2 in property x3 (ka)
(cf. jibni)
darsi [ ] audacity ; 'dare': x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka)
[x1 is bold]; (cf. virnu)
darxi [ dax da'i ] hit: x1 hits/strikes/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4
(cf. bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, tikpa, janli, jgari, pencu)
daski [ ] pocket: x1 is a pocket/pouch of/in garment/item x2
(cf. dakli, taxfu, bakfu)
dasni [ das ] wear: x1 wears/is robed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3
[x2 need not be intended for use as a garment (unlike taxfu)]; (cf. taxfu)
daspo [ spo ] destroy ; 'despoil': x1 (event) destroys/ruins/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is destructive
(cf. spofu, xrani, marxa, zalvi, xaksu)
dasri [ sri ] ribbon: x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2
(cf. , djine)
datka [ ] duck: x1 is a duck/[drake] of species/breed x2
(cf. cipni)
datni [ ] data: x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3
[evidence (= vel ji'i datni or just vel ji'i, ti'irdatni)] (cf. , fatci, saske, vreji)
decti [ dec ] .1 ; metric 'deci': x1 is a tenth [1/10; 1x10**-1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)
(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
degji [ deg ] finger ; 'digit': x1 is a/the finger/digit/toe [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula]
[finger (= xan degji), toe (= jma degji)]; (cf. nazbi, tamji, tance, xance),
dejni [ dej ] owe ; 'debt-or': x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor
(cf. jbera, janta, zivle)
dekpu [ ] gallon ; 'peck': x1 is x2 (defaults 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits
[gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= lik ter dekpu), barrel (wet = likybra dekpu, dry = sud bra dekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyter dekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= muc ter dekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. canlu, litce, rupnu, fepni, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
dekto [ dek ] 10 ; metric 'deka': x1 is ten [10; 1*10**1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)
(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
delno [ del de'o ] candela ; 'candle-power': x1 is x2 candela [metric] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3
(cf. , centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
dembi [ deb ] bean: x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2
(cf. grute, sobde, tsiju)
denci [ den de'i ] tooth ; 'dental': x1 is a/the tooth [body-part] of x2
(for metaphor: see dakfu, pagre, jgalu); (cf. moklu, dakfu, pagre, jgalu, batci, bongu)
denmi [ dem ] dense: x1 is dense/concentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3
(cf. carmi, midju, viknu)
denpa [ dep de'a ] wait ; 'pause': x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process
[(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4]; (cf. dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, pandi)
dertu [ der de'u ] dirt: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3
[also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition]; (cf. kliti, terdi, loldi)
derxi [ dre ] heap: x1 is a heap/pile/stack/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3
(cf. cmana)
desku [ des ] shake: x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2
[also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion]; (cf. slilu, janbe)
detri [ det ] date: x1 is the date [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4
(time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list de'i, djedi, jeftu, masti, nanca, tcika)
dicra [ dir ] interrupt ; 'disturb, disrupt': x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts] x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3
[also disturbs (one sense)]; (cf. zunti, fanza, raktu, denpa)
dikca [ dic ] electric ; 'charge': x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (def. negative)
[(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mar dikca); current (= (sel)muv dikca; again default negative/electron current)]; (cf. lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana)
diklo [ klo ] local: x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3
[indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits?]; (cf. cmavo list di'o, jibni, zvati, cpana, nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila)
dikni [ dik ] regular ; 'cyclical': x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3
[also uniform; resonant (= dik sli cai)]; (cf. slilu, rilti, xutla, manfo, boxna)
dilcu [ ] quotient ; 'division': x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4
(cf. frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso)
dilnu [ dil ] cloud: x1 is a cloud of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4
(cf. carvi, tcima)
dimna [ dim ] fate ; 'doom': x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doomed to x1
[fated/destined/doomed (= sel dimna)]; (cf. dapma)
dinju [ dij di'u ] building: x1 is a building/edifice for purpose x2
(cf. ginka, zdani, zarci)
dinko [ di'o ] nail: x1 is a nail/tack [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x
(cf. pijne, lasna)
dirba [ dib ] dear: x1 is dear/precious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2
[x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdirba for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, jadni, jemna)
dirce [ di'e ] radiate: x1 radiates/emits x2 under conditions x3
(cf. gusni)
dirgo [ dig ] drop: x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3
(cf. daplu, bidju)
dizlo [ diz dzi ] low: x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3
[also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. cnita, galtu, gapru, farna, loldi)
djacu [ jac jau ] water ; 'aqua-': x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquatic]
[aquatic (= jau pli)]; (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, limna, litki, lumci, bumru, jinto)
djedi [ dje dei ] full day: x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal
[today (= cab dei); tomorrow (= bav lam dei); yesterday (= pru lam dei)]; (cf. donri, detri, jeftu, masti, nanca, nicte, tcika)
djica [ dji ] desire: x1 desires/wants/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose x3
[if desire is for an object, use tu'a in x2]; (cf. taske, xagji, mukti, nitcu, nelci, pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura)
djine [ jin ] ring: x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diam. x3, outside diam. x
[also ellipse, oval (= jin cla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jin sru)]; (cf. clupa, cukla, dasri, karli, sovda, sruri, konju)
djuno [ jun ju'o ] know: x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4
[words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place; know how to - implying knowledge of method but not necessarily having the ability to practice (= tadjyju'o)] (cf. know/familiar with: se slabu, na'e cnino, na'e fange; cmavo list du'o, cilre, certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, saske, viska)
do [ don doi ] you: pro-sumti: you listener(s); identified by vocative
donri [ dor do'i ] daytime: x1 is the daytime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal (vs. nocturnal)
(cf. nicte, djedi, tcika)
dotco [ dot do'o ] German ; 'Deutsch': x1 reflects German/Germanic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2
(cf. )
draci [ ] drama: x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5
[x2 may also be a convention] (cf. )
drani [ dra ] correct ; 'right': x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4
(cf. srera, mapti)
drata [ dat ] other: x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else
(cf. mintu, frica)
drudi [ rud dru ] roof: x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2
(cf. bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, mapku; a drudi is (designed to be) over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku)
du [ dub du'o ] same identity as: identity sel bri; = sign; x1 identically equals x2, x3, etc.; attached sumti refer to same thing
[It is very un-Lojbanic to translate the generic English copula 'is' by this word]; (cf. mintu)
du'u [ dum ] bridi abstract: abstractor: predication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi] expressed in sentence x2
(cf. mintu, dunli)
dugri [ dug ] logarithm: x1 is the logarithm of x2 with base x3
(cf. tenfa)
dukse [ dus du'e ] excess: x1 is an excess of/too much of x2 by standard x3
[cloying (= mal du'e, tol pu'a du'e)]; (cf. bancu, banzu, ricfu, zmadu)
dukti [ dut ] opposite ; 'contrary': x1 is polar opposite from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o)
(cf. ranxi, ragve, fatne)
dunda [ dud du'a ] give ; 'donate': x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange]
[also grants; x3 is a receiver (= ter du'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'ersel du'a for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, friti, sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali)
dunja [ duj ] freeze ; 'jell': x1 freezes/jells/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3
(cf. febvi, lunsa, runme, sligu)
dunku [ duk du'u ] anguish: x1 is anguished/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2
(cf. fengu, surla)
dunli [ dun du'i ] equal: x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3
[same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)]; (cf. cmavo list du'i, satci, frica, simsa, mintu)
dunra [ dur ] winter: x1 is winter/wintertime [cold season] of year x2 at location x3
(cf. citsi, crisa, critu, vensa)
dzena [ dze ] elder: x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents
(cf. patfu, rirni, tamne)
dzipo [ zip zi'o ] Antarctican: x1 reflects Antarctican culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2
(cf. )
facki [ fak fa'i ] discover ; 'find': x1 discovers/finds out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object)
(cf. cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku)
fadni [ fad ] ordinary: x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set)
[also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= sel ter fadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)]; (cf. cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, tcaci, cnano)
fagri [ fag ] fire: x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen)
(cf. jelca, sacki)
falnu [ fan ] sail: x1 is a sail for gathering propelling material x2 on vehicle/motor x3
[waterwheel (= jac fan xi'u)]; (cf. bloti)
famti [ ] aunt or uncle: x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generatio
(cf. bruna, mamta, mensi, patfu, rirni, tamne)
fancu [ ] function: x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4
(cf. mekso, bridi)
fange [ ] alien ; 'foreign': x1 is alien/foreign/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka)
(cf. cizra, jbena, ckini)
fanmo [ fam fa'o ] end ; 'final': x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness]
[x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= sel fa'o for reordered places)]; (cf. krasi, cfari, mulno, sisti, denpa, jipno, kojna, traji, krasi)
fanri [ ] factory ; 'foundry': x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from materials x3
(cf. molki, gundi)
fanta [ ] prevent: x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring
(cf. pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi)
fanva [ ] translate: x1 translates text/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation result x5
(cf. )
fanza [ faz ] annoy: x1 (event) annoys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2
[also: is disruptive to]; (cf. fengu, raktu, dicra, tunta, zunti, jicla)
fapro [ fap pro ] oppose: x1 opposes/balances/contends against opponent(s) x2 (person/force ind./mass) about x3 (abstract
[also resists]; (cf. bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, jivna, lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu)
farlu [ fal fa'u ] fall: x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4
[note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: fal cru and fal ri'a)] (cf. lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu)
farna [ far fa'a ] direction: x1 is the direction of x2 (object/event) from origin/in frame of reference x3
[x2 is towards x1 from x3 (= sel fa'a for reordered places)]; (cf. zunle, pritu, galtu, gapru, cnita, dizlo, berti, snanu, stuna, stici, purci, balvi, lidne)
farvi [ fav ] develop ; 'evolve': x1 develops/evolves towards/into x2 from x3 through stages x4
(cf. pruce, banro, makcu, ciste, cupra, ferti)
fasnu [ fau ] event ; 'happen': x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence
(cf. cmavo list fau, krefu, lifri, fatci, rapli; gasnu, zukte, if specifically agentive, banli)
fatci [ fac ] fact: x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute
(cf. datni, jitfa, sucta, xanri, jetnu, fasnu, zasti, cfika, saske)
fatne [ fat fa'e ] reverse: x1 [sequence] is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object)
[also opposite (one sense)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'e, dukti)
fatri [ fai ] distribute: x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u)
[also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'u, fendi, preja, katna, tcana)
febvi [ feb ] boil: x1 boils/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3
[roil (= feb jicla)]; (cf. dunja, lunsa, runme)
femti [ fem ] 1E-15 ; metric 'femto': x1 is 1x10**-15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)
(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
fendi [ fed ] divide: x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/ind. x3 by method/partition x4
[also segments]; (cf. sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna, frinu)
fengu [ feg fe'u ] angry: x1 is angry/mad at x2 for x3 (action/state/property)
(cf. fanza, dunku)
fenki [ fek ] crazy ; 'frenzy': x1 (action/event) is crazy/insane/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2
(cf. bebna, racli, xajmi)
fenra [ fer fe'a ] crack: x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2
(cf. kevna, cfila, jinto)
fenso [ fen fe'o ] sew: x1 sews/stitches/sutures materials x2 (ind./set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4
(x2 if a set must be a complete specification); (cf. cilta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, pijne, lasna)
fepni [ fep fei ] cent ; 'penny': x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3
[also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...); (cf. sicni, jdini, jdima, vecnu, rupnu, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
fepri [ ] lung ; 'pulmonary': x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows]
[also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary]; (cf. pambe, vasxu)
ferti [ fre ] fertile: x1 is fertile/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific
[also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)]; (cf. vanbi, sidju, rorci, farvi, banro, cange)
festi [ fes ] waste: x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity)
[also shit, crap; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)]; (cf. xaksu, kalci, pinca)
fetsi [ fet fe'i ] female ; 'fem-': x1 is a female/doe of species x2 evidencing feminine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine
(cf. nakni)
figre [ fig ] fig: x1 is a fig [fruit/tree] of species/strain x2
(cf. grute)
filso [ fis ] Palestinian ; 'Philistine': x1 reflects Palestinian culture/nationality in aspect x2
(cf. jordo, xebro)
finpe [ fip fi'e ] fish ; 'fin': x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrates]
(cf. danlu)
finti [ fin fi'i ] invent: x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4
[x1 is creative/inventive]; (cf. cmavo list fi'e, ciska, pemci, zbasu, larcu, specific works of authorship, prosa, skina)
flalu [ fla ] law: x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5
[x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= sel fla for reordered places)]; (cf. javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, tinbe)
flani [ ] flute: x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument]
(cf. zgike)
flecu [ fle ] flow ; 'flush': x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/toward x3 from direction/source x4
[x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= sel fle for

List of Lojban Root Words - le gi'uste

List of Lojban Root Words - le gi'u ste